11.2 Safety and Design Aspects. High quality off-the-shelf OEM type equipment is acceptable if it is designed, maintained, and operated according to this standard
11.2.1 Design criteria/general design requirements that should be emphasized for mobile aerial platforms are contained in ANSI/SIA A92.2, A92.3, A92.5, and A92.6. It is the responsibility of the applicable engineering, operations/maintenance, and safety organizations to ensure the design, testing, maintenance, inspection, and operation of this equipment complies with this standard, the manufacturers’ recommendations, and ANSI/SIA
11.2.2 Labeling/Tagging of Mobile Aerial Platforms
a. The rated load/applicable capacity ratings shall be clearly marked on the mobile aerial platform
b. A standard system of labeling shall be established and used throughout the installation
c. A standard lockout/tagout system shall be established and used throughout the installation to indicate equipment that is not to be used due to inspection discrepancies, ongoing maintenance, or other reasons
d. Certification/recertification tags are required as described in paragraph11.3.4
11.2.3 Safety Analysis and Documentation of Mobile Aerial Platforms. A recognized safety hazard analysis such as fault tree analysis, FMEA, O&SHA shall be performed on all mobile aerial platforms used for lifts where failure/loss of control could result in loss of or damage to flight hardware. The analysis shall, as a minimum, determine potential sources of danger, identify failure modes, and recommend resolutions and a system of risk acceptance for those conditions found in the hardware-facility-environment-human relationship that could cause loss of life, personal injury, and loss of or damage to the mobile aerial platform, facility, or load. The analysis shall be done as part of the initial activation process, included in the equipment documentation, and updated as required to reflect any changes in operation and/or configuration. 11.3 Testing. Testing of mobile aerial platforms shall be performed according to this section, the manufacturers’ recommendations, and the applicable ANS/SIA standard. Three types of tests are required for mobile aerial platforms: proof load tests, periodic load tests, and operational tests. Proof load tests and operational tests shall be performed prior to first use for new or extensively repaired or altered components directly in the mobile aerial platform load path. Repairs or alterations to nonlifting or nonholding components do not require a load test, although a functional check should be performed to determine if the repairs or alterations are acceptable. The periodic load and operational tests shall be performed annually. The acceptable tolerance for load test accuracy is +5/-0 percent. All load and operational tests shall be performed by qualified personnel according to written (specific or general) technical operating procedures. An inspection of the mobile aerial platform and its components shall be performed after each load test and prior to the platform being released for service to ensure93 there is no damage. The periodic load test requirement may be fulfilled by a concurrently performed proof load test
11.3.1 Proof Load Test. Before first use, all new, extensively repaired, or altered mobile aerial platforms shall undergo a proof load test in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions and the applicable ANSI/SIA standard. A proof load test may also be performed when there is a question in design, previous testing, or to ensure system integrity. The load shall be lifted slowly in an area where minimal damage will occur if the platform fails
11.3.2 Periodic Load Test. Each mobile aerial platform shall be tested at least once every year with a load equal to the rated load
11.3.3 Operational Test. Together with proof load and periodic load tests, the following shall be performed with a dummy rated load unless otherwise specified: a. Perform all functions in an unloaded condition, including operation of limit switches and tilt alarm/shutoff. Where possible, use ground control station. When required to use the platform control station, operate close to ground level
b. Perform load test at maximum boom radius over the rear, if applicable. Hold the load for a minimum of 5 minutes and verify drift does not exceed that specified by the responsible engineering organization. c. The operational test for a modified mobile aerial platform can be tailored to test only those portions of the equipment that were modified/repaired, only if the rated and operational test interval has not expired
11.3.4 Test Reports and Periodic Recertification Tags. After each test, designated personnel shall prepare written, dated, and signed test reports. Inadequacies shall be documented and, if determined to be a hazard, corrected prior to further use. These reports shall be kept on file for a minimum of two test cycles and shall be made readily available. Following the periodic load test, mobile aerial platforms shall be given a permanently affixed tag identifying the equipment and stating the next required periodic load test date or load test expiration date
11.4 Inspection
11.4.1 Inspections, as described below, shall be performed on all mobile aerial platforms. Inspections shall be performed according to this section, the manufacturers’ recommendations, and the applicable ANSI/SIA standard. Inadequacies discovered during an inspection shall be documented and, if determined to be a hazard, tagged out and corrected prior to further use. Inspections shall be performed by qualified personnel according to approved technical operating procedures. 11.4.2 All new, extensively repaired, or modified mobile aerial platforms shall be inspected to the requirements of both daily and periodic inspections prior to first use. For component repair on mobile aerial platforms, only the inspections that apply to the repaired portion need to be performed prior to first use unless a periodic inspection interval expires during the downtime (see paragraph 11.4.5)
94 11.4.3 Mobile aerial platforms in regular service (used at least once a month) shall be inspected as required in paragraphs 11.4.4 and 11.4.5. Idle and standby platforms shall be inspected according to paragraph 11.4.6
11.4.4 Daily Inspections. These inspections shall be performed each day the mobile aerial platform is used and shall include the following: a. Check safety devices for malfunction
b. Check operating and control mechanisms for proper function
c. Inspect for defects such as cracked welds, damaged control cables, and loose cable/wire connections
d. Inspect hydraulic or pneumatic systems for observable deterioration or leakage and check hydraulic system for proper oil level if suspect
e. Inspect electrical equipment for signs of malfunction, signs of deterioration, and dust and moisture accumulation
f. Inspect chains or wire rope for wear or distortion
11.4.5 Periodic Inspections. These inspections shall be performed at varying intervals depending on activity, severity of service, and environment. The following inspections shall be performed at least once per year or more frequently if required by the manufacturer or the applicable ANSI/SIA standard. Inspect for: a. Requirements for daily inspections described in paragraph 11.4.4
b. Deformed, cracked, or corroded members and loose bolts or rivets in the aerial platform structure. Various methods of NDT such as ultrasonics, radiographic, magnetic particle, and liquid penetrant shall be utilized as needed
c. Worn, cracked, or distorted parts, such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, couplings, rollers, and locking devices
d. Wear in chain drive sprockets and stretch in the chain
e. Hydraulic and pneumatic relief valve settings as required by the manufacturer
f. Hydraulic system for proper oil level
g. Hydraulic and pneumatic fittings, hoses, and tubing for evidence of leakage, abnormal deformation, or abrasion
h. Compressors, pumps, motors, and generators for loose fasteners, leaks, unusual noises or vibrations, loss of operating speed, and heating
i. Hydraulic and pneumatic valves for cracks in the valve housing, leaks, and sticking spools.95 j. Hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders and holding valves for malfunction and visible damage
k. Hydraulic and pneumatic filters for cleanliness and the presence of foreign material in the system indicating other component deterioration
l. Condition and tightness of bolts and other fasteners
m. Legible and proper markings of controls, ratings, and instructions
11.4.6 Idle and Standby Mobile Aerial Platforms. Idle and standby mobile aerial platforms shall be inspected prior to first use according to the requirements of paragraphs 11.4.4 and 11.4.5 unless these daily and periodic inspections were performed at required intervals and recorded during the idle/standby period
11.4.7 Inspection Reports. After each formal periodic inspection, qualified personnel shall prepare written, dated, and signed inspection reports, including procedure reference and adequacy of components. Inadequacies shall be documented and, if determined to be a hazard, corrected prior to further use. These reports shall be filed and be made readily available by the organizational element responsible for mobile aerial platforms
11.5 Maintenance. A maintenance program based on manufacturers’ recommendations, integrating proactive, reactive, preventive and predictive maintenance shall be established to increase the probability the mobile aerial platform will function in the required manner over its design life cycle with a minimum of maintenance. The program shall include procedures and a scheduling system for normal periodic maintenance items, adjustments, replacements, and repairs. The program also shall ensure that records are kept and unsafe test and inspection discrepancies are documented and corrected. Any mobile aerial platform found in an unsafe operating condition shall be removed from service until repaired. All repairs shall be made by qualified personnel in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions
11.6 Personnel Certification. Only certified (licensed) and trained operators shall be authorized to operate mobile aerial platforms (except for manually propelled platforms where training can be provided). A training, examination, and licensing program shall be established or made available. For those NASA installations that do not have a training program, all mobile aerial platform operators shall be trained and certified by a recognized certification organization that normally performs this function. The basic certification program will include the following: 11.6.1 Training
a. Classroom training in safety, lifting equipment emergency procedures, general performance standards, requirements, pre-operational checks, and safety-related defects and symptoms (for initial certification and as needed)
b. Hands-on training (for initial certification and as needed)
c. An annual review of items listed in paragraphs 11.6.1a and 11.6.1.b above. (This may be conducted informally by local supervisory personnel)
96 d. Training for working at heights and the proper use of fall protection equipment
11.6.2 Examination
a. Physical examination (criteria to be determined by the cognizant medical official)
b. Written/oral examination
c. Operational demonstration
d. Proficiency examination for recertification
11.6.3 Licensing. An organizational element shall be designated to issue operator licenses. Provisions shall be made to revoke licenses for negligence, violations of safety requirements, or failure to meet medical standards. Provisions shall be made for periodic checks of operators to verify they have licenses in their possession. The licenses shall indicate the type of mobile aerial platform the holder is qualified to operate. Alternately, the organizational element may elect to maintain a master list of licensed operators instead of issuing individual licenses, providing copies of the list are readily available to assurance and supervisory personnel at the work site
11.6.4 Renewal. Licenses or certifications will expire at least every 4 years. Renewal shall require demonstration of proficiency or approval of supervision that proficiency is adequate and current. Renewal procedures will be established by each licensing organization, but as a minimum, will include items in paragraphs 11.6.1 and 11.6.2
11.7 Operations. Mobile aerial platforms shall be operated according to this section, the manufacturers’ recommendations, and the applicable ANSI/SIA standard. The following practices shall be followed for mobile aerial platform operations: a. Determine that the proposed mobile aerial platform operation is the desired operation after comparing hazards, productivity, and manpower requirements associated with other methods of access. b. Before each use, the operator shall have read and understood the manufacturer’s operating instructions and safety rules, have been trained and licensed according to paragraph 11.6, and have read and understood all decals and warnings on the equipment
c. Before each use, the operator shall perform a pre-operational check to demonstrate operational readiness, including all limit switches and outrigger drift switches, if applicable, but excluding the tilt alarm/shutoff. If controls do not operate properly, the operator is responsible for notifying the supervisor. Repairs and adjustments shall be made before operations begin. The operator shall adhere to all tags on the controls
d. Before each use, the operator shall survey the area for applicable hazards such as overhead obstructions and high-voltage conductors, debris, bumps and loose obstructions, dropoffs and holes, ditches, untamped earth fills,97 obstructed path of travel, unstable footing, and other possible hazardous conditions. The operator shall establish appropriate safety zones before initiating operations
e. The equipment shall not be loaded beyond its rated load (capacity) except for required testing
f. The operator shall ensure the equipment is within inspection and testing intervals by examination of the periodic recertification tags and/or documentation
g. Operator discipline shall be maintained at all times. There shall be no eating, drinking, or rowdiness during mobile aerial platform operations. Personnel shall keep all parts of the body, tools, and equipment inside the work platform periphery during raising, lowering, and traveling operations
h. Fall protection is required for personnel using mobile aerial platforms that can tilt, as covered by ANSI/SIA A92.2 and A92.5
i. Tools and other objects shall be carried in canvas bags or by other methods that free both hands and do not present a snagging hazard. Alternate methods of tool delivery beside mobile aerial platforms should be investigated
j. For work on or near electrical distribution and transmission lines, mobile aerial platforms shall be operated in accordance with paragraphs 5.7.as, 5.7.at, and 5.7.au of this standard and the applicable ANSI/SIA standard. k. Insulated mobile aerial platforms shall be tested and inspected in accordance with ANSI/SIA
l. Outdoor mobile aerial platform operations should not commence if winds are above 20 knots steady state (23 mph, 37 km/hr) or if gusts exceed 25 knots (29 mph, 46 km/hr) or as recommended by the manufacturer. Consideration shall also be given to weather conditions such as lightning or snow before commencing operations
m. The requirements of this section apply to all uses of mobile aerial platforms; e.g., movement for storage/repositioning and use of the platform close to ground level
12. POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS 12.1 General. This section establishes minimum standards for the design, testing, inspection, maintenance, personnel certification, and operation of powered industrial trucks (forklifts). This section applies to those platforms covered by ASME B56.1, ìSafety Standard For Low Lift and High Lift Trucks.î 12.2 Safety and Design Aspects. High quality off-the-shelf OEM type equipment is acceptable for critical and noncritical lifts if it is designed, maintained, and operated according to this standard. 98 12.2.1 Design criteria/general design requirements that should be emphasized for powered industrial trucks are contained in ASME B56.1. It is the responsibility of the applicable engineering, operations/maintenance, and safety organizations to ensure the design, testing, maintenance, inspection, and operation complies with this standard, the manufacturersí recommendations, ASME B56.1, and OSHA 1910.178. 12.2.2 Labeling/Tagging of Powered Industrial Trucks
a. The rated load/applicable capacity ratings shall be clearly marked on the powered industrial truck
b. A standard system of labeling shall be established and used throughout the installation. c. A standard lockout/tagout system shall be established and used throughout the installation to indicate equipment that is not to be used due to inspection discrepancies, ongoing maintenance, mishaps, or other reason. d. Certification/recertification tags are required as described in paragraph 12.3.4. 12.2.3 Safety Analysis and Documentation of Powered Industrial Trucks. A recognized safety hazard analysis such as fault tree analysis, FMEA, O&SHA shall be performed on all powered industrial trucks used for lifts where failure/loss of control could result in loss of or damage to flight hardware. The analysis shall, as a minimum, determine potential sources of danger, identify failure modes, and recommend resolutions and a system of risk acceptance for those conditions found in the hardware-facility-environment-human relationship that could cause loss of life, personal injury, and loss of or damage to the powered industrial truck, facility, or load. The analysis shall be done as part of the initial activation process, included in the equipment documentation, and updated as required to reflect any changes in operation and/or configuration. 12.3 Testing. Testing of powered industrial trucks shall be performed according to this section, the manufacturersí recommendations, and the applicable OSHA and ASME standards. Three types of tests are required for powered industrial trucks: proof load tests, periodic load tests, and operational tests. All load and operational tests shall be performed by qualified personnel according to written (specific or general) technical operating procedures. An inspection of the powered industrial truck and its components shall be performed after each load test and prior to the truck being released for service to ensure there is no damage. The acceptable tolerance for load test accuracy is +5/-0 percent unless otherwise specified. The periodic load test requirement may be fulfilled by a concurrently performed proof load test. 12.3.1 Proof Load Test. Proof load tests and operational tests shall be performed prior to first use for new or extensively repaired or altered components directly in the powered industrial truck load path in accordance with the manufacturersí instructions and the applicable ASME standard. Repairs or alterations to non-lifting or non-holding components do not require a load test, although a functional check should be performed to determine if the repairs or alterations are acceptable. A proof load test may also be performed when there is a question in design, previous testing, or to ensure system integrity. 99 12.3.2 Periodic Load Test. For powered industrial trucks used where failure/loss of control could result in loss of or damage to flight hardware, a periodic load and operational test shall be performed at least once every year with a load equal to the rated load. 12.3.3 Operational Test. Together with proof load and periodic load tests, the following shall be performed with a dummy rated load unless otherwise specified: a. Perform all functions in a loaded condition including tilt operation. Ensure the load is secured and will not move during tilting operations. b. Hold the load for a minimum of 5 minutes and verify drift does not exceed that specified by the responsible engineering organization. c. The operational test for a modified powered industrial truck can be tailored to test only those portions of the equipment that were modified/repaired only if the rated and operational test interval has not expired. 12.3.4 Test Reports and Periodic Recertification Tags. After each test, designated personnel shall prepare written, dated, and signed test reports. Inadequacies shall be documented and, if determined to be a hazard corrected prior to further use. These reports shall be kept on file for a minimum of two test cycles and shall be made readily available. Following the periodic load test, powered industrial trucks shall be given a permanently affixed tag identifying the equipment and stating the next required periodic load test date or load test expiration date. 12.4 Inspection
12.4.1 Inspections shall be performed on all powered industrial trucks. Inspections shall be performed according to this section, the manufacturersí recommendations, and ASME B56.1. Inadequacies discovered during an inspection shall be documented and, if determined to be a hazard, the truck will be tagged out and the inadequacy corrected prior to further use. Inspections shall be performed by qualified personnel according to approved technical operating procedures. 12.4.2 All new, extensively repaired, or modified powered industrial trucks shall be inspected to the requirements of both daily and periodic inspections prior to first use. For component repair on powered industrial trucks, only the inspections that apply to the repaired portion need to be performed prior to first use unless a periodic inspection interval expires during the downtime (see paragraph 12.4.5)
12.4.3 Powered industrial trucks in regular service (used at least once a month) shall be inspected as required in paragraphs 12.4.4 and 12.4.5. Idle and standby powered industrial trucks shall be inspected according to paragraph 12.4.6
12.4.4 Daily Inspections. These inspections shall be performed by the operator prior to each shift the truck is used. Inspect: a. Warning and safety devices for malfunction (to include the horn). b. Condition of tires (if pneumatic tires, check inflation pressures)
100 c. Lights
d. Hydraulic system for observable deterioration or leakage and check for proper oil level if suspect. e. Electrical equipment for signs of malfunction, signs of deterioration, and dust and moisture accumulation
f. Chains and cables for wear or distortion. g. Battery, connections, and load test. h. Control mechanisms
i. Lift and tilt systems
j. Load engaging means
k. Brakes
l. Steering mechanism
m. Fuel systems
n. Engine oil and pressure
o. Manufacturing plates, tags, or decals in legible condition
12.4.5 Periodic Inspections. The following inspections shall be performed at least once per year or more frequently as required by the manufacturer, ASME B56.1, usersí experience gained, severity of service, environment, and criticality. Inspect: a. The items listed in paragraph 12.4.4. b. Forks for damage, deformation, cracks, straightness of blade, fork angle, difference in height of fork tips, positioning lock, and legibility of fork marking. c. Frame members
d. Critical welds
e. Axle stops
f. Safe operating features or devices designed and approved for hazardous area operations
g. Motors
h. Electrical conductors and connections
101 12.4.6 Idle and Standby Powered Industrial Trucks. Idle and standby powered industrial trucks shall be inspected prior to first use according to the requirements of paragraphs 12.4.4 and 12.4.5 unless these daily and periodic inspections were performed at required intervals and recorded during the idle/standby period
12.4.7 Inspection Reports. After each formal periodic inspection, qualified personnel shall prepare written, dated, and signed inspection reports, including procedure reference and adequacy of components. Inadequacies shall be documented and, if determined to be a hazard, corrected prior to further use. These reports shall be filed and be made readily available by the organizational element responsible for powered industrial trucks. 12.5 Maintenance. A maintenance program based on manufacturersí recommendations, integrating proactive, reactive, preventive, and predictive maintenance shall be established to increase the probability the powered industrial truck will function in the required manner over its design life cycle with a minimum of maintenance. The program shall include procedures and a scheduling system for normal periodic maintenance items, adjustments, replacements, and repairs. The program also shall ensure that records are kept and unsafe test and inspection discrepancies are documented and corrected. Any powered industrial truck found in an unsafe operating condition shall be tagged out and removed from service until repaired. All repairs shall be made by qualified personnel in accordance with the manufacturersí instructions
12.5.1 Maintenance Procedures. Before maintenance, adjustments, repairs, and replacements are made, the following safety precautions shall be taken: a. Move the powered industrial truck to a designated area where maintenance activities will not interfere with other operations and there is proper ventilation. b. When lifting trucks for repair, trucks shall be lifted in a safe, secure, stable manner. The drive wheels will be raised free of the floor or the battery will be disconnected. c. Chocks or other positive truck positioning devices will be used
d. Block load engaging means, innermasts(s), or chassis before working on them. e. Before disconnecting any part of the engine fuel system of gasoline powered trucks with gravity feed fuel systems, take precaution to eliminate any possibility of unintentional fuel escape
f. Before disconnecting any part of the engine fuel system of LP gas powered trucks, close LP tank valve and run engine until fuel in system is depleted and engine stops. g. Disconnect the battery before working on the electrical system
h. The charger connector shall be plugged only into the battery connector and never into the truck connector. 102 12.5.2 Adjustments. Based upon the manufacturers documentation and/or experience gained, adjustments shall be made to ensure that all powered industrial trucks function properly, paying particular attention to: a. Brakes
b. Control systems
c. Limit switches
d. Steering mechanisms
e. Hazardous area operation devices
f. Motors
12.5.3 Repair/Replacement
a. Modifications and additions that affect truck capacity (to include addition of counterweight) and safe truck operation shall not be performed without manufacturer approval. b. Replacement parts, including tires, shall be interchangeable with the original parts and of a quality at least equal to that provided in the original equipment. c. Replacement parts are to be installed per manufacturers procedures. d. No repairs shall be made in Class I, II, and III locations (ref. OSHA 1910.178). e. Replacement batteries shall be of the service weight that falls within the minimum/maximum range specified on the truck nameplate by the truck manufacturer. 12.6 Personnel Certification. Only certified (licensed) and trained operators shall be authorized to operate powered industrial trucks. A training, examination, and licensing program shall be established or made available. For those NASA installations that do not have a training program, all powered industrial truck operators shall be trained and certified by a recognized certification organization that normally performs this function. The basic certification program will include the following: 12.6.1 Training
a. Classroom training in safety, lifting equipment emergency procedures, general performance standards, requirements, pre-operational checks, and safety-related defects and symptoms (for initial certification and as needed)
b. Hands-on training (for initial certification and as needed)
103 c. An annual review of items listed in paragraphs 12.6.1a and 12.6.1.b above. (This may be conducted informally by local supervisory personnel.) 12.6.2 Examination
a. Physical examination (criteria to be determined by the cognizant medical official and should comply with ASME B56.1)
b. Written/oral examination
c. Operational demonstration
d. Proficiency examination for recertification
12.6.3 Licensing. An organizational element shall be designated to issue operator licenses/certifications. Provisions shall be made to revoke licenses/certifications for negligence, violations of safety requirements, or failure to meet medical standards. Provisions shall be made for periodic checks of operators to verify they have licenses in their possession. The licenses shall indicate the type of powered industrial truck the holder is qualified to operate. Alternately, the organizational element may elect to maintain a master list of licensed operators instead of issuing individual licenses, providing copies of the list are readily available to assurance and supervisory personnel at the work site. 12.6.4 Renewal. Licenses or certifications will expire every 3 years. Renewal shall require demonstration of proficiency or approval of supervision that proficiency is adequate and current. Renewal procedures will be established by each licensing organization, but as a minimum, will include items in paragraphs 12.6.1 and 12.6.2. Renewal or refresher training will be provided to operators within the three year certification period when: a. The operator has been observed operating the truck in an unsafe manner
b. The operator has been involved in an accident or near miss incident
c. The operator has received an evaluation that reveals that the operator is not operating the truck safely
d. The operator is assigned to drive a different type of truck
e. A condition in the workplace changes in a manner that could effect safe operation of the truck
12.7 Operations
12.7.1 Powered industrial trucks shall be operated according to this section, the manufacturersí recommendations, and ASME B56.1. The following practices shall be followed for powered industrial truck operations: a. General operating procedures describing powered industrial truck operations, emergency steps, communication requirements, and special requirements including checklists and inspection requirements shall be prepared,104 approved and followed for each area powered industrial truck operations are performed and shall include each type of truck. There must be a formal system for review, approval, and update to maintain valid operating procedures. b. Operations shall be analyzed for hazards. The analysis shall consider the environment in which the operation occurs, hazards associated with lift truck maintenance, and, in general, a systems safety analysis of the equipment, facility, load, and interfaces as a whole in support of the lift truck operation. c. Before each operation or series of operations, the operator shall perform a pre-operational check to demonstrate operational readiness of the truck. If controls do not operate properly, the operator is responsible for notifying the supervisor. Repairs and adjustments shall be made before operations begin. d. Before each use, the operator shall survey the area for applicable hazards such as overhead obstructions, debris, bumps and loose obstructions, drop-offs and holes, ditches, obstructed path of travel, unstable ground, and other possible hazardous conditions. The operator shall establish appropriate safety zones before initiating operations. e. The equipment shall not be loaded beyond its rated load (capacity) except for required testing
f. The operator shall ensure the equipment is within inspection and testing intervals by examination of the periodic recertification tags and/or documentation. The operator shall adhere to all tags on the controls
g. Operator discipline shall be maintained at all times. There shall be no eating, drinking, or rowdiness during powered industrial truck operations. h. Operators shall keep all parts of the body inside the operator compartment during operations
i. Never put any part of the body into the mast structure or between the mast and truck
j. Do not start or operate the truck or any of its attachments from any place other than from the operators position. k. Trucks shall not be driven up to anyone standing in front of an object. l. Operators shall ensure other personnel are not in the swing radius prior to performing turning maneuvers. m. Operators shall sound the horn when approaching cross aisles, doorways and other locations where pedestrians may step into the path of truck travel. n. No person is allowed to stand or pass under the elevated portion of any truck, empty or loaded. 105 o. Unauthorized personnel shall not be permitted to ride on powered industrial trucks. A safe place to ride shall be provided where riding of trucks is authorized. p. A powered industrial truck is attended when the operator is less than 25 feet (7.6 m) from the truck and it is in his view. q. A powered industrial truck is unattended when the operator is more than 25 feet (7.6 m) from the truck or the truck is not in the operatorís view. r. Before leaving the operatorís position or dismounting from the truck, while still attending the truck, the operator shall: (1) Bring the truck to a complete stop
(2) Place the directional controls in neutral
(3) Apply the parking brake
(4) Fully lower the load engaging means
In addition, when leaving the truck unattended: (5) Stop the engine or turn off the controls
(6) If the truck must be left on an incline, block the wheels. s. The operator shall maintain a safe distance from the edge of ramps, platforms and other similar working surfaces. t. When powered industrial trucks are driven on and off highway trucks or trailers, the brakes on the highway trucks or trailers shall be applied and wheels chocked or other positive mechanical means shall be used to prevent unintentional truck or trailer movement. Fixed jacks should be placed under trailers not coupled to a tractor. u. Provision shall be made to prevent railroad cars from being moved during loading and unloading. Wheel stops, hand brakes, or other recognized positive means shall be used to prevent movement of the railroad cars. v. Operators shall verify sufficient headroom under overhead installations, lights, wiring, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other. w. An overhead guard shall be used to protect against falling objects. x. A load backrest shall be used whenever necessary to minimize the possibility of the load or part of it from falling rearward. y. Only approved industrial trucks shall be used in areas classified as hazardous locations. 106 z. All accidents involving personnel, building structures, and equipment shall be reported to the supervisor. aa. Industrial trucks shall not be parked where they block access to fire aisles, stairways, or fire equipment. ab. Motorized hand trucks shall not be ridden unless they are of the hand/rider design. ac. Whenever a truck is used to lift personnel and there are no controls that are elevatable with the lifting carriage or forks: (1) Use a securely attached platform
(2) Make sure the lifting mechanism is operating smoothly and properly
(3) Place the mast in a vertical position and never tilt forward or rearward when elevated
(4) Place the truck controls in neutral and set the brake
(5) Lift and lower smoothly and with caution
(6) Watch for overhead obstructions
(7) Keep hands and feet clear of controls other than those in use
(8) Move the truck only for minor adjustments in positioning when personnel are on the platform and never more than creep speed
(9) The operator is to remain in the control position on the truck. (10) Restraining means such as rails or chains shall be in place and personnel on the platform shall wear a body harness and lanyard or retractable safety device
(11) Personnel on the platform shall be certified in Fall Protection
ad. While refueling, the engine shall be stopped and the operator shall not be on the truck. ae. Spillage of oil or fuel shall be carefully and completely absorbed or evaporated and fuel tank cap replaced before restarting engine. af. Open flames shall not be used to check electrolyte levels in storage batteries, liquid level in fuel tanks, or the condition of LPG fuel lines and connectors. 107 12.7.2 Traveling of Powered Industrial Trucks
a. Truck operators shall observe all traffic regulations including posted speed limits. b. Truck operators shall yield the right of way to pedestrians and emergency vehicles such as ambulances and fire trucks. c. Truck operators shall not pass another truck traveling in the same direction at intersections, blind spots, or other dangerous locations. d. Operators shall slow down and sound the horn, or audible warning device, at cross aisles and other locations where their view is obstructed. e. Railroad tracks will be crossed at an angle and trucks will not be parked closer than 6 feet to the nearest rail of a railroad track. f. Truck operators shall keep a clear view of the path of travel and observe for other traffic, personnel, and safe clearances. g. If the load being carried obstructs forward travel, the operator will travel with the load trailing. h. Truck operators shall ascend and descend grades slowly, with caution and by the following operations: (1) Loaded rider trucks shall be driven with the load upgrade when ascending or descending grades in excess of 5%. (2) Unloaded trucks should be operated on all grades with the load engaging means downgrade
(3) On all grades the loads and load engaging means shall be tilted back and raised only as far as necessary to clear the road surface
(4) Travel straight up and down and avoid turning on grades
i. Trucks shall be operated at a speed that will permit it to be brought to a stop in a safe manner. j. The truck shall be operated with the load engaging means or load low and where possible, tilted back. The load should not be elevated except during stacking. k. Starts, stops, turns, or direction reversals shall be in a smooth manner so as not to shift the load or overturn the truck. l. Horseplay and stunt driving will not be allowed. m. Operators will slow down for wet and slippery surfaces. 108 n. Before driving over a dockboard or bridge plate, operators shall be sure it is properly secure and its rated capacity is not exceeded and shall drive across carefully and slowly. o. Operators shall avoid running over loose objects on the roadway surface. p. Operators shall reduce speed to a safe level when negotiating turns and shall reduce speed to be consistent with the environment. q. Seat belts, when provided, shall be used. r. The operator should stay with the truck if tipover occurs or if the truck falls off a loading dock or ramp. The operator should hold on firmly and lean away from the point of impact. 12.7.3 Loading Powered Industrial Trucks
a. Handle only stable and safely arranged loads. b. Handle only loads within the capacity of the truck
c. Handle loads only with the load engaging means and do not transport loads or miscellaneous items within the operatorís compartment or other areas of the truck. d. When attachments are used, extra care shall be taken in securing, manipulating, positioning, and transporting the load. e. Trucks equipped with attachments shall be operated as partially loaded trucks when not handling a load. f. Loads shall be completely engaged with the load engaging means. Forks should be at least 2/3 of the load length. g. Where tilt is provided, carefully tilt the load backward to stabilize. Caution should be used in tilting with high or segmented loads. h. Do not tilt forward with load engaging means elevated except to pick up or deposit a load over a rack or stack. i. When stacking or tiering, use only enough back tilt to stabilize the load.
